用于鉛(qian)酸蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)器，按工作(zuo)原理劃(hua)分，常見有以下三類(lei)。

　　一、可控硅調壓充電器

　　這(zhe)種充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)由主整(zheng)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)、觸(chu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)、控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)三部(bu)分組(zu)成(cheng)，其原理是利(li)用(yong)(yong)可控(kong)(kong)硅(gui)整(zheng)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)將220V交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)為直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，其輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)大(da)小，則(ze)由觸(chu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)改變(bian)(bian)可控(kong)(kong)硅(gui)的(de)(de)導通時間來調整(zheng)。控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)用(yong)(yong)于控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)觸(chu)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)，以便根據充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)面板上的(de)(de)開關和(he)旋(xuan)鈕的(de)(de)設置要求，調節(jie)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)與(yu)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。由于這(zhe)類充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)具有輸出(chu)功率大(da)、體積小、重量輕(qing)、結構簡單等優(you)點，被一些汽車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)工用(yong)(yong)于蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)補充(chong)(chong)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。但因其充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)未通過隔離變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)與(yu)交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源隔離，其安全(quan)性不(bu)是很高。

　　二、采用工頻變壓器隔離的充電器

　　這(zhe)種充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)由工(gong)頻變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)、整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)、控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)等(deng)主電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)組成，工(gong)頻變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)一(yi)方面(mian)(mian)將(jiang)220V交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)降(jiang)至要求電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，另一(yi)方面(mian)(mian)將(jiang)220V交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)與(yu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)隔離開來，以提高充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)性(xing)。低壓(ya)(ya)交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)再通過整(zheng)(zheng)流(liu)橋(qiao)變(bian)成直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)則根據充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)面(mian)(mian)板上的(de)(de)(de)開關(guan)和旋(xuan)鈕的(de)(de)(de)設置(zhi)要求，控制(zhi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)與(yu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。這(zhe)種充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)具有輸(shu)出功(gong)率大、可靠性(xing)高等(deng)特點，深(shen)受一(yi)些汽車(che)電(dian)(dian)(dian)工(gong)的(de)(de)(de)喜愛。其不足(zu)之處是成本高、體積大、笨(ben)重。

　　三、開關電源式充電器

　　這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)由整流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)、高(gao)頻(pin)變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)、控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)等(deng)主(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)組成，由于(yu)采用(yong)整流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)和高(gao)頻(pin)變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，將220V交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)與充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)隔離(li)，其安全性(xing)(xing)很高(gao)，而且，基于(yu)開關(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)工作(zuo)原理(li)，包(bao)括(kuo)濾波電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)、高(gao)頻(pin)變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)等(deng)元器(qi)(qi)(qi)件的(de)尺寸(cun)得以(yi)大幅度減小(xiao)，因而充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)外形尺寸(cun)較(jiao)小(xiao)，這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)利用(yong)專(zhuan)門的(de)開關(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)控制芯(xin)片(pian)和單片(pian)機相結(jie)合，可對充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程進(jin)行智能化管理(li)，通(tong)常，這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)具有蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池極性(xing)(xing)判(pan)斷、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等(deng)級識別(bie)、自動調節輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)、充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)滿自動斷開、故障(zhang)報警等(deng)功(gong)能。按照(zhao)所用(yong)開關(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)結(jie)構細分，這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)有反(fan)激(ji)式開關(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)和正激(ji)式開關(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)等(deng)兩種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，前者的(de)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)功(gong)率較(jiao)小(xiao)、成本(ben)(ben)較(jiao)低(di)，后(hou)者輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)的(de)功(gong)率較(jiao)高(gao)、成本(ben)(ben)較(jiao)高(gao)。不(bu)過，受(shou)成本(ben)(ben)等(deng)因素的(de)影響，開關(guan)(guan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)式充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)上(shang)限(xian)一般只有十幾安培，其輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)功(gong)率低(di)于(yu)前述的(de)兩類充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。這(zhe)(zhe)類充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)，以(yi)其智能化的(de)特性(xing)(xing)，受(shou)到汽(qi)車用(yong)戶的(de)喜(xi)愛。